Polyurehane (Pu) tsayayyen kumfa ya zama babban tushe na rufin zamani, ana amfani dashi sosai a gini, kayan masarufi, da aikace-shirye na masana'antar saboda kwayar halitta. Tsafiyar samar da tsarin masana'antu shine wakili mai huri ne, wani abu mai alhakin ƙirƙirar tsarin salon kumfa. A tsawon shekaru da yawa, hurawa fasaha na wakili ya samo asali cikin nutsuwa, ƙa'idodin makamashi, ingantaccen buƙatu, da kuma la'akari mai aminci. Wannan labarin na binciken cigaban PU din ya faru, tare da mai da hankali kan sifofin da suka sha na hudu - mafita tsara.

Takaitaccen Tarihi na hurawa da tsararraki

1. Tsara farko: cfcs (chlorofluorocarbons)
2. Kasa na biyu: HCFCS (HCFCS (HYDROCHllanklanklanklanklanklanklankelons)
3. Gaba na uku: hfcs (hfcs (hydrofluorocarbons)
HFCS kamar HFC - 245FA da HFC - 365MFC damuwa na ozone da damuwa game da yanayin dumama na duniya (GWP). Gyaran Kigali (2016) hanzarta canzawa daga sama - gwp hfcs.
4. Tsararraki na huɗu: HFOs da Low - mafita na GWP
'Yan tawayen na zamani kamar Hydrofluoroleuls (HFOs) da madadin na halitta (misali, hydrocarbons, Co₂) yanzu ya mamaye kasuwa, aminci, da dorewa.

Na huxu - Taron Haso: Pioneged Dorewa

Sabon ƙarni na manyan jami'ai suna magance kasawar fasahar farko yayin da suke jingina da manufofin yanayin duniya. Ga halayensu na yau da kullun:

1. Ultra - low dumamar dumamar duniya (GWP)
Na hudu - jami'in zamani, musamman hfos (E.G., HFO -, HFO -, fahariya da GWPS kusa da sifili. Misali, HFO - 1233zd yana da gwp na <1, compared to HFC-245fa’s GWP of 1,030. This drastic reduction supports compliance with regulations like the EU F-Gas Regulation and U.S. SNAP.

2. Zero Ozone M
Ba kamar CFCs da HCFCs ba, HFOs da wakilai na dabi'a (E.G., Cyclopentane, tabbatar da yarda da mukhawar montreal da kiyaye Stratospheric ozone.

3. Ingancin makamashi da aikin zafi
Duk da abin da ya faru cewa da wakilan GWP na iya yin sulhu mai inganci na ci gaba, tsari mai mahimmanci yanzu sun dace ko wuce hakki na HFCS. HFOs, alal misali Pu Foams don cimma λ - Darajojin 19-22 MW, haɓaka ajiyar kuzari a gine-gine da kayan aiki.

4. Yarda da Tabbatarwa da Zamani -
Tare da gwamnatoci suna ba da izini na manyan - kayan tarihi na Gwe, na huɗu - Manufofin Yaren mutanen da ke kan masana'antun da ke gaban kuliyoyi masu rikitarwa. Dokar ta U.S. EPA tau da makamantanmu iri daya a duniya suna haifar da tallafin wadannan hanyoyin.

5. Amincin aiki da tsari
Kungiyar ta zamani fifikon amincin wurin aiki. HFOs na nuna ƙarancin wuta (a2l rarrabuwa) da guba, da cyclopentanebons (E.G., Cyclopentanebons (E.G., Cyclopentanebons (E.G., Cyclopentanebons (E.G., Cyclopentanebons (E.G., Cyclopentanebons (E.G., CyclopentaneBons, kayan cyclopentane), kayan maye. Ari ga haka, sun haɗu da rashin amfani da kayan masarufi da ke ciki, rage farashin mai ɗaukar fansa.

6. Madadin dabi'a: co₂ da ruwa
Bayan hfos, co₂ (amfani dashi azaman ruwa ko ta hanyar sunadarai da aka yi amfani da shi) da ruwa (samar da co₂ *) suna ba da bio - tushen zaɓuɓɓuka. Duk da yake kalubalanci kamar yadda ake gudanar da kisatar kumfa na kumfa dage, ci gaba da r & d yana sake amfani da aikinsu.

Kalubale da dama

Duk da yake na huɗu - Yan Jimin Juyin Juya Hurta Yi Markar da tsinkaye gaba, Hurdles ya kasance:
- Farashi: HFOs suna da tsada fiye da wakilai na gado, kodayake ana sa ran ƙasashe masu tattalin arziki na rage farashin.
- Cinikin aiwatarwa - Kashewa: Wasu wakilai na zahiri suna buƙatar gyara gyare-gyare don kula da tsayayyen kumfa.
- Garin tallafi na yanki: LABSINA YARA A CIKIN SAUKI saboda ababen more rayuwa.

Koyaya, bidi'a ta ci gaba. Tsarin hybrids ya hade hfos tare da hydrocarbons, Nanotechnology - Ingantaccen kumfa, da AI - Direjin ingataccen alkawarin inganta shi.

Ƙarshe

Canjin zuwa na huɗu zuwa na huɗu - Taron na hurarrun wakilan kwamitin Pu na dorewa da dorewa ba tare da daidaita ayyukan aiki ba. HFOs da madadin na halitta suna sake fasalin ginannun rufi, yana karɓar gine-ginen gine-gine, makamashi - ingantaccen kayan aiki, da sauyin yanayi - jingina masana'antu. Kamar yadda ake gudanar da bincike da ƙa'idodi masu ƙara ƙarfi, waɗannan mafita za su ƙarfafa rawar da su a matsayin kashin baya - Carbon nan gaba na gaba-tabbatar da cewa hakkin muhalli da fasaha na iya haifar da hakkin muhalli da fasaha.